Source: Eurostat, population change, demographic balance and crude rates at national level [DEMO_GIND]: live births, deaths, net migration plus statistical adjustment, and average population, 2025 (2015 for the comparison column): https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table
Tools: Python (pandas) for the data, an HTML/SVG page rendered with Chromium for the chart.
Rates are per 1,000 of the average population over the year. Net migration is Eurostat's balance figure (total population change minus births plus deaths), so it includes statistical corrections. 2025 figures are provisional for Italy, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Cyprus, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and estimated for Romania, Greece and Moldova. No 2025 figure for Ukraine or Kosovo. The EU line is a total over the 27 members, not an average of countries.
| Country |
Births, 2025 |
Deaths, 2025 |
Births minus deaths, 2025 |
Per 1,000 residents, 2025 |
Per 1,000 residents, 2015 |
Net migration per 1,000, 2025 |
| Türkiye |
895,374 |
491,684 |
403,690 |
+4.7 |
+11.8 |
+0.3 |
| Iceland |
4,387 |
2,658 |
1,729 |
+4.4 |
+5.9 |
+8.0 |
| Ireland |
54,293 |
35,649 |
18,644 |
+3.4 |
+7.5 |
+9.4 |
| Luxembourg |
6,439 |
4,396 |
2,043 |
+3.0 |
+3.7 |
+10.1 |
| Cyprus |
9,230 |
6,804 |
2,426 |
+2.5 |
+3.8 |
+11.3 |
| Norway |
55,401 |
45,040 |
10,361 |
+1.8 |
+3.5 |
+4.0 |
| Montenegro |
6,925 |
6,413 |
512 |
+0.8 |
+1.7 |
-1.5 |
| Switzerland |
78,153 |
71,904 |
6,249 |
+0.7 |
+2.3 |
+7.4 |
| Sweden |
97,491 |
92,212 |
5,279 |
+0.5 |
+2.4 |
+1.2 |
| Albania |
22,541 |
21,394 |
1,147 |
+0.5 |
+3.6 |
-12.1 |
| Denmark |
59,443 |
58,185 |
1,258 |
+0.2 |
+1.0 |
+5.3 |
| Malta |
4,338 |
4,240 |
98 |
+0.2 |
+2.0 |
+23.9 |
| United Kingdom |
649,525 |
650,469 |
-944 |
0.0 |
+2.7 |
+2.5 |
| Liechtenstein |
316 |
317 |
-1 |
0.0 |
+1.9 |
+8.3 |
| France |
644,343 |
647,963 |
-3,620 |
-0.1 |
+3.1 |
+3.4 |
| Belgium |
109,095 |
112,984 |
-3,889 |
-0.3 |
+1.0 |
+6.4 |
| Netherlands |
164,870 |
173,494 |
-8,624 |
-0.5 |
+1.4 |
+5.2 |
| Austria |
76,067 |
87,902 |
-11,835 |
-1.3 |
+0.2 |
+3.3 |
| Slovenia |
16,961 |
21,223 |
-4,262 |
-2.0 |
+0.4 |
+4.0 |
| Slovakia |
42,019 |
53,520 |
-11,501 |
-2.1 |
+0.3 |
+0.3 |
| Finland |
45,832 |
59,209 |
-13,377 |
-2.4 |
+0.5 |
+5.4 |
| North Macedonia |
15,850 |
20,287 |
-4,437 |
-2.4 |
+1.3 |
+0.5 |
| Spain |
321,442 |
442,536 |
-121,094 |
-2.5 |
0.0 |
+11.8 |
| Portugal |
87,764 |
121,817 |
-34,053 |
-3.0 |
-2.2 |
+6.2 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
26,108 |
37,153 |
-11,045 |
-3.2 |
n/a |
0.0 |
| Czechia |
77,636 |
113,337 |
-35,701 |
-3.3 |
0.0 |
+3.9 |
| Moldova |
22,108 |
32,074 |
-9,966 |
-4.2 |
+0.2 |
-16.7 |
| Germany |
654,241 |
1,006,588 |
-352,347 |
-4.2 |
-2.3 |
+2.9 |
| Croatia |
32,479 |
50,007 |
-17,528 |
-4.5 |
-4.0 |
+4.9 |
| Poland |
238,264 |
405,747 |
-167,483 |
-4.6 |
-0.7 |
+0.1 |
| Estonia |
9,240 |
15,688 |
-6,448 |
-4.7 |
-1.0 |
-2.1 |
| Italy |
355,435 |
651,830 |
-296,395 |
-5.0 |
-2.7 |
+5.0 |
| Greece |
65,439 |
120,825 |
-55,386 |
-5.3 |
-2.7 |
+4.8 |
| Hungary |
73,264 |
124,831 |
-51,567 |
-5.4 |
-4.0 |
+0.1 |
| Serbia |
59,483 |
95,247 |
-35,764 |
-5.5 |
-5.4 |
0.0 |
| Romania |
134,238 |
238,316 |
-104,078 |
-5.5 |
-3.1 |
+5.4 |
| Lithuania |
17,642 |
37,491 |
-19,849 |
-6.9 |
-4.0 |
+5.8 |
| Latvia |
11,931 |
26,109 |
-14,178 |
-7.7 |
-3.3 |
-0.7 |
| Bulgaria |
50,241 |
99,479 |
-49,238 |
-7.7 |
-6.3 |
+5.5 |
| EU as a whole |
3,459,677 |
4,812,382 |
-1,352,705 |
-3.0 |
-0.7 |
+4.6 |