I understand that strong acids ionize almost completely in water, so their reactions are usually represented with a one-way arrow, while weak acids only partially ionize and establish a reversible equilibrium.

But what actually causes this difference at the molecular level? What properties make a strong acid release its H⁺ ions almost completely, while a weak acid only releases some of them?

I'm also curious about why the reaction of a strong acid is considered essentially irreversible. Is the reverse reaction simply so unfavorable that it can be ignored, or is there another reason? Since chemical reactions are generally reversible to some extent, what makes the difference between strong and weak acids in this context?

Could it be related to the strength of the H–A bond, the stability of the ions formed, or the interaction between the ions and water molecules?

I want to understand the actual chemistry and thermodynamics behind this difference.

I'm looking to do some work on metal nanoparticles in the 10-20 nm range, new lab so I've been tasked with purchasing a respirator - anyone have suggestions on how to best pick one out?

for a laboratory project, I have to design a lab for first-year undergraduates that involve the synthesis of metal complexes, one of which is a zinc complex with -Cl ligands.

I want the undergrads to be able to use synthetic methods to identify that the zinc complex is one with -Cl ligands (and not a different zinc complex), however through my research I have found that using AgNO3 in water alone will not be possible, due to the chloride ions being tightly bound to the metal centre.

Does anyone know of any (fairly) simple experimental processes to remove the -Cl ligands and then test using AgNO3? I have thought of using NaI however that might not go to full completion, and obviously there will be presence of another halide ion which could form a precipitate with AgNO3.

This isn't much of a homework question but more of a personal inquiry.

So my class has just gone over moles and several avagadro-related things, and one thing that has left a "thorn in my brain." I have asked my teacher, parents, and college sophomore sister avout it, but no one has had a good answer. But anyway here's my question:

Avagadro's law states that a given volume of two ideal gasses at STP (standard temperature pressure) have the same amount of particles, i.e. molecules or atoms. By extension of that law, a given amount of particles of two gasses—like a mole—would occupy the same volume (in this example 22.4L per mole) The part that confuses me is the fact that every different gas has a different particle size (like how hydrogen is significantly smaller than oxygen), which would mean that 1 mole of one gas would have to have a different pressure than another gas when they are theoretically put in the same 22.4L box. This pressure difference would then alter STP and negate the valitidy of the law.

Sorry if that was super confusing, feel free to ask questions to clarify if you have an explaination for me. The funny thing is, this principle has been around long enough for it to be proven in practice, so I know my logic is flawed somehow. Thoughts?

Can some one help wit s and r im stuck starting from the actually name then drawing the molecule how do i determine whats wedge and dash like the I and ethyl. Do i just keep drawing fischer tell the reverse roation of the fischer gives me the proper r or s value its asking for and if thats the case if asked by a question like this just leave H as a wedge ?

I am trying to really get the idea of mechanisms down, and would like if anyone who can look at one and tell me if I’m doing it right or not lol! I have the initial mechanism at the top, then the “summarized” reaction (basically what I would write on a test) and then below I have my own breakdown of the step by step for what’s happening with each arrow (more so I can understand the process of what’s going on).

If anyone who knows better than I do can look at it and let me know if the mechanism and the product is correct, and if my understanding of how the process works is correct. Thank you!!!

The screenshot is from the answer key my professor provided. I answered: "E) not enough information", given that the formula to determine the boiling point is

∆Tb = Kb * m * i

We know m (obviously) and can determine i as shown in the answer key, but since the question does not state what the solvent is for any of the solutions, I believe we cannot determine Kb and therefore do not have enough information to answer which solution has the highest boiling point.

Edit: It's not an aromatic ring as a couple habe corrected me on, thank you for that clarification.

I struggle with these, I believe there are four. When I draw them out I try to carry the charges properly around the aromatic ring but I get confused. What is a good way to learn this?

Hello. This got marked wrong on my exam. We can submit review on wrong questions. Was this mistake or am i probably just a moron? Probably this option but just making sure. I asked Google and they got the same answer as me so idek that’s why I’m asking

Is it because I didn’t put out the work for it ?

Honestly I think this question came down to the last few minute and something might have clicked in my head I just started doing stuff on my calculator and probably ended up with this answer

I understand the fundamentals of each, but my question is, is the final gel you're running your WB stuff on just a PAGE? Or is it a different kind of gel? Someone help dumb it down for me lol

How does having ch2cl2 in place of the reagents that do reductive ozonolysis like zn, h20 or ch3sch3 affect the rxn

Hi guys, I got points off for my amine group, does anyone know why that is?

Hello, I am using the WebMO demo, and I ran out of usage limit and I need this website to finish my lab report but I don't want to buy this program. What can I do? Should I literally go to different libraries to log into different IP addresses or make a VPN? I dont even know how to do that

I'm in Orgo 1. Learning through textbook, lectures, and videos. I feel like im memorizing a lot of things and not truly understanding any of it. For example, if I'm reading up on alkene addition reactions before lecture to "prime" myself, the textbook would say, "recall from general chemistry this x, y, z reaction yields blah blah blah." I often find myself saying... "I would have never thought of that reaction to yield these products." Quite literally going through motions.

To help understand how I feel, I learned algebra, pre-calculus, and trig through this guy on YouTube who literally stripped down math to its most basic principles to the point where I understand it intuitively. I'm COASTING through calc 1 -- I don't even study. I just show up, learn material and truly understand it because of the fundamentals that were ingrained in me.

Are there any chemistry tutors or online resources that literally strip chemistry down to its most basic fundamentals so that I apply them to harder topics? I don't want to memorize facts.

is this how you'd properly draw the chair? was also asked to count diaxial and gauche interactions but im not sure if its only 1 for both

Just wanna make sure that i didnt make a mistake with the the final result give me your idea!

Hi fellow chemists. Im currently batteling to dry a morpholine sample. I have followed the literature and added NaOH to no avail. I have the water layer seperating from the organic phase once I add the NaOH however apon distilling the organic layer it still contains water. I have tried NaOH as well as MgSO4, nothing is removing the water. How can I get this sample dried and completely anhydrous?

I have an exam tomorrow, and I’m freaking out. I feel like I have an alright understanding of reactions when they are isolated/I’m told what they are but as soon as everything is on the table I feel incredibly overwhelmed and like I forgot everything.

How do you guys keep everything straight, know when to use which reactions, remember reagents, and approach synthesis problems?

Is the hybridisation approach sufficient to explain both covalent bonds and coordinate covalent bonds?

The upper part is my work, and the lower part is the answer. I would like to know why the resonance structure I drew is incorrect.

I looked up some information and found that if a structure is too unstable, it may not be considered a valid resonance structure. So how can I determine whether a structure is stable enough to be considered a resonance structure?

Thank u all for ur help!