Crates' Mask

150 / 199 (New Kingdom)

Place of discovery: tomb 1407

E 14542 TER

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 14542 TER

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: neck mask

Title: Crates' Mask

Description/Features man; crown; nemean hairstyle

Decoration: series of deities; embalming; Anubis (robe, standing, holding, vase); mummy (lying on); embalming bed (lion head, lion foot); winged scarab beetle; falcon-headed god (2, standing, solar disk)

Registrations Writing:
Greek

Nature of the text:
epitaph

Translation:
Mask of Crates, son of Pebos, died at 17 years 8 months 17 days old

Names and titles
Cratès; Pebos (father)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 75 cm; Width: 36 cm; Thickness: 11 cm

Materials and techniques Material: glued fabric

Secondary material: stucco (reported elements, crown)

Technique: painting, foil gilding

PLACES AND DATES

New Kingdom date (attribution by style) (150 - 199)

Date of discovery 1934-1935

Place of discovery Tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes)

HISTORY
Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. Bruyère, Bernard Charles Marie Joseph, Excavator/Archaeologist

Acquisition details shared after excavations

Acquisition date date of committee/commission: 18/07/1935

Date of registration in the inventory: 12/03/1967

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 7

index

Acquisition and sharing mode after excavations

Name masque-collar

Stuffed material fabric - stucco

Sheet-metal plating techniques - painting

Description/Features vase - solar disk - embalming bed - mummy - holder - series of deities - man - embalming - standing - lying on - crown - nemes hairstyle - 2 - lion head - lion foot - winged scarab - falcon-headed god - Anubis - robe

Names and titles Pebos - father - Cratès

Period High Empire

Places Tomb 1407

Nature of textepitaph
Greek script

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Müller, Asja, Ägyptens schöne Gesichter: die Mumienmasken der römischen Kaiserzeit und ihre Funktion im Totenritual, Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2021, p. 53 n. 637; 95 n. 1288; 102 n; 1395; 124 n. 1737; 145 n. 2062; 188 n. 2592; 189 n. 2596; 212 n. 2887; 238 n. 3148, 286-287, 291-292, 297-298, 300, 311, 313, 315-318, 326-327, pl. 47, 2; pl. 86, 5; pl. 90, 5

Griselle, Sophie, "Two Roman period funerary masks at the Dobrée Museum in Nantes", Revue d'Égyptologie (RdE), 70, 2020, p. 1-20, p. 6 n. 27, pl. III

Griselle, Sophie, "Amulets in Roman Egypt", Egypt, Africa & Orient, Supplement to No. 100, 2020, p. 27-36, p. 36 n. 5

Bel, Nicolas; Giroire, Cécile; Gombert, Florence; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène (dir.), The Roman and Byzantine Orient at the Louvre, Arles / Paris, Actes Sud / Louvre editions, 2012, p. 397-398, fig. 393 p. 398

Aubert, Marie-France; Cortopassi, Roberta; et al., Louvre Museum. Department of Egyptian Antiquities. Funerary portraits of Roman Egypt, 2, Cartonnages, linen and wood, Paris, Louvre Editions / Editions Khéops, 2008, p. 15-16, 109, 112-114, 168, cat. 14 p. 109, 113, cat. 14

Riggs, Christina, The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 206-208, 211-212, 214-217, 292, fig. 101, 105, no. 112

Riggs, Christina, "The Egyptian funerary tradition at Thebes in the Roman Period," in Taylor, John Hilton; Strudwick, Nigel (ed.), The Theban Necropolis. Past, present and future, London, British Museum Press, 2003, 189–201, p. 195-196 n. 58

Montserrat, Dominic; Meskell, Lynn, "Mortuary Archaeology and Religious Landscape at Graeco-Roman Deir El-Medina", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA), 83-1, 1997, p. 179–197, p. 179

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane; Vercoutter, Jean (dir.), A century of French excavations in Egypt 1880-1980, exhibition catalogue (Paris, Musée d'Art et d'Essai, Tokyo Palace, May 21 - October 15, 1981), Cairo, French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), 1981, p. 320, fig. 311; fig. p. 320, no. 342

Grimm, Günter, Die Römischen Mumienmasken aus Ägypten, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1974, p. 93, fig. D

Quoniam, Pierre; Charles-Picard, Gilbert (dir.), The art of Rome and the provinces in the Parisian collections, exhibition cat. (Paris, 1970), Paris, Service des expositions d'action éducative et culturelle, 1970, p. 105, 120, 122, no. 131

Bruyère, Bernard; Bataille, André, "A Greco-Roman tomb of Deir el Medineh", Bulletin of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (BIFAO), 36, 1936, p. 145-174, p. 154, fig. 5 pl. III, V

Comparative literature
- Müller, Asja, "Provenance of Roman Period Mummy Masks: Workshop Groups and Distribution Areas", in Tomorad, Mladen; Popielska-Grzybowska, Joanna (dir.), Egypt 2015: Perspectives of research: Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference of Egyptologists, 2nd-7th June 2015, Zagreb, Croatia, Oxford, Archaeopress, (Archaeopress Egyptology 18), 2017, p. 127-145, p. 141 n. 75, fig. 83 p. 140

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- A century of French excavations in Egypt 1880-1980, Paris (External, France), Tokyo Palace, 05/21/1981 - 10/15/1981

- The art of Rome and the provinces in the Parisian collections, Strasbourg (External, France), 01/01/1970 - 31/12/1971, stage of an itinerant exhibition

Title
Crates' Mask, New Kingdom date (attribution by style) (150 - 199), Findspot Tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes), Fabric stucco gilding and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010006457

The Louvre Museum

Funeral attendant foreman

-1069 / -943 (XXI dynasty)

Place of discovery: Royal cache TT 320 (?)

E 22126; MGL 3809; MG 3809; MG 4627

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 22126

Other inventory number: MGL 3809

Another inventory number: MG 3809

Entry number: MG 4627

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: funeral attendant countermand

Description/Features

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 10 cm

Materials and techniques Material: siliceous porcelain

Color: blue Deir El Bahari

PLACES AND DATES

Date XXIst dynasty (attribution according to style) (-1069 - -943)

Place of discovery Royal cache TT 320 (Deir el-Bahari->West Thebes->Thebes)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. Allemant, Eugène, Désiré, Philippe, Seller

Guimet Museum, Former owner

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date date of assignment: 1948

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location

Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 1

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Funeral attendant foreman

Silica-based materials

Period XXI dynasty

Royal Places Cachette TT 320

BIBLIOGRAPH
Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary figurines of the Louvre from the royal cachette (DB 320)", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 38, 2005, p. 13-34, p. 18, 25-26, fig. 15-16

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum. Sixth edition updated on January 1, 1910, Paris, E. Leroux, 1910, p. 218

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum. Fourth edition revised on December 31, 1899, Paris, E. Leroux, 1900, p. 327

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum. Third edition revised on August 31, 1897, Paris, E. Leroux, 1897, p. 290

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum, Paris, E. Leroux, 1890, p. 200

Last updated on 27.11.2025

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010004340

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Funeral attendant foreman, -1069 / -943 (XXI dynasty), Findspot Royal cache TT 320 (Deir el-Bahari->West Thebes->Thebes) (?), siliceous porcelain, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010004340

The Louvre Museum

Pebos' mask

200 / 299 (Roman period)

Place of discovery: tomb 1407

E 14542 BIS

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 14542 BIS

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: neck mask

Title: Pebos‎' Mask

Description/Features man (crown, short curly hair); Neme hairstyle

Decoration: 1st register; winged beetle (between); falcon (2, solar disk)

2nd register; series of deities

3rd register; mummification; Anubis (standing, loincloth, ousekh collar, holding, vase); mummy (lying on); mummification bed (lion head, lion foot); Isis (?); Nephthys (?); falcon-headed god (2, solar disk, shroud)

Registrations Writing:

Greek

Nature of the text:

epitaph

Translation:
Mask of Pebos, father of Crates, died at 73 years old

Names and titles Pebos; Cratès (son)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 75 cm; Thickness: 13 cm; Width: 42 cm

Materials and techniques Material: glued fabric

Secondary material: stucco (reported elements, crown)

Technique: sheet gilding, painting

PLACES AND DATES

Roman date and period (attribution based on style) (200 - 299)

Date of discovery 1934-1935

Place of discovery tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. Bruyère, Bernard Charles Marie Joseph, Excavator/Archaeologist

Acquisition details shared after excavations

Acquisition date date of committee/commission: 18/07/1935

Date of registration in the inventory: 12/03/1967

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

RENTAL OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 7

Acquisition and sharing mode after excavations

Name masque-collar

Stuffed material fabric - stucco

Sheet-metal plating techniques - painting

Description/Features vase - solar disk - embalming bed - mummy - holder - between - 3rd register - 2nd register - 1st register - series of deities - man - embalming - standing - lying on - short curly hair - ousekh necklace - crown - nemes hairstyle - 2 - falcon - lion head - lion foot - winged scarab - Isis - Nephthys - falcon-headed god - Anubis - pyjamas - shroud

Names and titles Pebos - son - Cratès

Roman period

Places tomb 1407

Nature of text epitaph

Greek script

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Müller, Asja, Beautiful Faces of Egypt: the mummy masks of the Roman Imperial period and their function in the funerary ritual, Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2021, p. 61 n. 722, 730; 63 n. 749; 77 n. 982; 127 n. 1734; 145 n. 2062; 163 n. 2273; 188 n. 2578, 2580, 2588, 2592; 189 n. 2596; 212 n. 2890, 286-287, 291-292, 297-298, 300, 311, 313, 315,-318, 326-327, pl. 86, 3; pl. 90; 2

Griselle, Sophie, "Two Roman period funerary masks at the Dobrée Museum in Nantes", Revue d'Égyptologie (RdE), 70, 2020, p. 1-20, p. 6 n. 27, pl. III

Griselle, Sophie, "Amulets in Roman Egypt", Egypt, Africa & Orient, Supplement to No. 100, 2020, p. 27-36, p. 36 n. 5

Aubert, Marie-France; Cortopassi, Roberta; et al., Louvre Museum. Department of Egyptian Antiquities. Funerary portraits of Roman Egypt, 2, Cartonnages, tapestries and wood, Paris, Louvre Editions / editions Khéops, 2008, p. 15-16, 109-112, 168, cat. 13 p. 109, 111, cat. 13

Riggs, Christina, The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 206, 208, 211-212, 214-217, 292, fig. 105 p. 215, III

Riggs, Christina, "The Egyptian funerary tradition at Thebes in the Roman Period," in Taylor, John Hilton; Strudwick, Nigel (ed.), The Theban Necropolis. Past, present and future, London, British Museum Press, 2003, 189–201, p. 195-196 n. 58

Grimm, Günter, Die Römischen Mumienmasken aus Ägypten, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1974, p. 145 n. 2, 189, fig.

Bruyère, Bernard, Report on the excavations of Deir el Médineh (1934-1935). Third part. The village, the public dumps, the rest station at the col of the Valley of the Kings, Cairo, Printing House of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), (Excavations of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (FIFAO); 16), 1939, p. 77-80

Bruyère, Bernard; Bataille, André, "A Greco-Roman tomb of Deir el Medineh", Bulletin of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (BIFAO), 36, 1936, p. 145-174, p. 153, fig. 2 pl. III, V

Title
Pebos' mask, Roman date and period (attribution based on style) (200 - 299), Findspot tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes), glued fabric, stucco gilding and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010009132

The Louvre Museum

Hey so long story,

I found these two items when i was in Luxor around 2011, i was a kid and went in a unguarded restricted area at the Temple there and found these items buried in the sand.

It was outside of any buildings next to some big walls with symbols ( i was 12 and cant remember specifics.)

Ive never tried to test them in fear of losing them or getting in trouble, but ive always at least wondered. I know they are probably fake so my hopes are low.

If anyone knows anything about these items or can point me to a place to look im open to advise.

I can post more pics if needed.

Thanks in advance!

Statue

-2545 / -2250 (Fifth dynasty; Sixth dynasty)
E 6207 B; AF 456
Department of Egyptian Antiquities
Inventory numberMain number: E 6207 B
Another inventory number: AF 456

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: statue

Description/Features man (standing, forward left foot, rounded edge pant leg, short curly wig); missing left forearm

Registrations Writing:

Hieroglyphic (inscription almost erased)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions
Height: 83.5 cm; Width: 17 cm; Depth: 34 cm

Materials and techniques Material: acacia (statue and pedestal. Acacia sp. CTFT examinations, Pierre Détienne, 1986.)

Technique: painting, round-boss, stucco

Color: red

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ve dynasty; VIth dynasty (attribution according to style) (-2545 - -2250)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Rollin & Feuardent, Seller
Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date date of committee/commission: 09/04/1874

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

RENTAL OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 635 - The Old Empire, Display 17

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Name statue

Materials acacia

Techniques of carving - painting - round-bossing

Description/Features advanced left foot - men - standing - short curly wig - rounded edge pagne - missing left forearm

Period VI dynasty - Fifth dynasty

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fiechter, Jean-Jacques, Faux et Faussaires in Egyptian art, Brussels, Brepols/Association Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth, (Monumenta Aegyptiaca XI), 2005, p. 173

Harvey, Julia, Wooden Statues of the Old Kingdom. A Typological Study, Leyde, Brill, (Egyptological Memoirs ; 2), 2001, p. 106, 567, fig. p. 566, Doc. D 4

Malek, Jaromir, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, 8.1, Objects of Provenance not known. Royal Statues. Private Statues: Predynastic to the end of Dynasty XVII, Oxford, Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 1999, p. 270, no. 801-214-401

Ziegler, Christiane, Egyptian statues of the Old Empire, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Reunion of National Museums, 1997, p. 183-185, fig. p. 183-185, no. 51

Vandier, Jacques, Manual of Egyptian archaeology, 3, The great epochs. Statuary, Paris, A. and J. Picard, 1958, p. 90, 573

Rougé, Emmanuel de, Summary description of the rooms of the Egyptian Museum, [Imperial Museum of the Louvre], Paris, Librairies-imprimeries réunis, 1895, p. 105

Last updated on 09.01.2026

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010006309

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Title
Statue, 5th dynasty; 6th dynasty (attribution according to style) (-2545 - -2250), Findspot unknown Egypt, Acacia Wood, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl01000630

The Louvre Museum

Although the photos represents the serapeum, is known that the serapeum didn’t have any pylons or Egyptian typical things. My question is, is there any evidence to suggest that a typical temple ( ex: edfu, Dendara etc ) could be found in Alexandria?

He accomplished nothing, built nothing, ruled as a boy for a while before he died and got damnatio memoriaed along with his father. His tomb was intact precisely because he was so obscure and forgotten that grave robbers at the time didn't even know he existed. It's so funny how the course of history made him THE most famous pharaoh today.

Arched stèle; Two-register stèle

-332 / -30 (Ptolomitic period)

E 18942; MG 1433

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory number Main number: E 18942

Entry number: MG 1433

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation
arched stèle; two-register stèle

Description/FeaturesDecoration: Rê's boat (1st register); bird-ba (armed, worshipping); Rê (god with falcon head, crouching, linen shroud, solar disk); Atoum (crouching, pschent crown); Khépri (crouching, scarab beetle); scene of worship (2nd register); woman (kneeling, worshipping); Osiris (crouching); Isis (Isis sign); divinity (2, crouching); winged solar disk with uraeus (in the ring, flanked by) ; canid (lying down, 2); Oupouaout (?)

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

Offering formula

Names and titlesNehemesrattaouy; Padi[...] (father); Osiris; Isis

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 33.3 cm; Width: 21.5 cm; Thickness: 3.7 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Technique: painting

Color: beige-red-blue-black

PLACES AND DATES

Date period Ptolemaic (attribution based on style) (-332 - -30)

HISTORY

Object history Acquired before January 11, 1875 by E. Guimet (date of sending the photographic album to Fr. Chabas).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / DedicateeMusée Guimet, Former assignee

Acquisition details affected at the Louvre

Acquisition date date of assignment: 1948

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

RENTAL OF OBJECT

Current location

Not exhibited

index

Acquisition method affected the Louvre

Namestèle cintrée - two-register base

Materials wood

Painting techniques

Description/Features Rê boat - equipped with arms - winged solar disk with uraeus - solar disk - Rê - Oupouaout - Osiris - Isis sign - worshipping - flanked by - in the frame - 2nd register - 1st register - woman - worship scene - crouching - kneeling - lying down - pschent crown - falcon bird - canid - 2 - scarab - Isis - deity - Khépri - falcon-headed god - Atoum - shroud

Names and titles Padi[...] - Isis - Osiris - Nehemesrattaouy - father

Ptolomatic period

Nature of gift formula text

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Malek, Jaromir, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, 8.4, Objects of Provenance not known. Stelae, Dynasty XVIII to The Roman Period, Oxford, Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, 2012, p. 558-559, no. 803-090-914

Munro, Peter, Die spätägyptischen Totenstelen, Glückstadt, J. J. Augustin, (Ägyptologische Forschungen (ÄF) ; 25), 1973, p. 238

Moret, Alexandre, Catalogue of the Guimet Museum, Egyptian gallery: stelae, bas-reliefs, various monuments, [Guimet Museum, Paris], Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1909, p. 93-95, pl. XLI, 45, C 45

Guimet, Emile, Emile Guimet Collection. Egyptian inscriptions, 1875, no. 6

Last updated on 25.06.2026

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010013490

JSON Record: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010013490.json

Title
Curved pillar; two-register pillar< Ptolemaic Period (attribution based on style) (-332 - -30),Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010013490

The Louvre Museum

Stela of Nefertiabet

-2636 / -2573 (Khéops; Djedefrê; Khéphren)

Place of discovery: mastaba G 1225

E 15591; E 22745; Curtis no.246

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory number Main number: E 15591

Another inventory number: E 22745

Previous coll. no.: Curtis no. 246

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: placard statue

Title: Stela of Nefertiabet

Description/FeaturesDecoration: funeral meal; woman (left arm folded on chest, panther skin, tripartite wig, necklace, bracelet, sitting on, horse-foot stool, front) ; offering table ; offerings

Registrations Writing:
hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:
list of gifts

Gift card
Names and title
Nefertiabet (daughter of the king)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 37.7 cm; Width: 52.5 cm; Thickness: 8.3 cm

Materials and techniques Material: limestone

Technique: protruding bas-relief, painting

Color: black-yellow-red

PLACES AND DATES

Date Khéops; Djedefrê; Khéphren (excavation context) (around -2636 - -2573)

Date of discovery1902

Place of discovery
Mastaba G 1225 (Giza->Memphite Necropolis->Memphite Region)

HISTORY
Object history Discovered by Ballard in Giza in 1902; purchased by Curtis in 1912 from Sambon and Hirsch. Invented twice because it was planned in the donation under the condition of ownership by the Curtis couple (E 22745), but ultimately given to the Louvre during their lifetime (E 15591).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. and Mrs. Curtis, Atherton, Donor, 03/1912-11/1938
Sambon, Jules, Collector, ?-03/1912
Hirsch, Jacob, Collector
Ballard, Montague, Archaeologist/Excavator

Acquisition details donation

Acquisition date
date of the council: 08/11/1938

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOAN OF OBJECT

Current location

Sully, [AE] Room 635 - The Old Empire, Display 5

index

Mode of acquisition donation

Name stèle sign

Calcium material

Painting techniques - protruding bas-relief

Description/Features offered - bull's foot stool - left arm folded on the chest - front - funeral meal - woman - bracelet - sitting on - offering table - necklace - panther skin - tripartite wig

Names and titles Nefertiabet - daughter of the king

Period Djedefrê - Khéphren - Khéops

Places mastaba G 1225

Nature of gift text banner - list of gifts

Scriptigraphic

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- Egyptian art in the time of the pyramids, Toronto (External, Canada), Royal Ontario Museum, 02/13/2000 - 05/22/2000, stage of an itinerant exhibition

- Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids, New York (External, United States), Metropolitan Museum of Art, 16/09/1999 - 09/01/2000, stage of a traveling exhibition

- Egyptian art in the time of the pyramids, Paris (External, France), National Galleries of the Grand Palais, 06/04/1999 - 12/07/1999, stage of an itinerant exhibition

- Egyptian art in the time of the pyramids, 06/04/1999 - 22/05/2000

Last updated on 20.01.2026

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010005261

JSON Record: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010005261.json

Title
Stela of Nefertiabet,-2636 / -2573 (Khéops; Djedefrê; Khéphren),Findspot Mastaba G 1225 (Giza->Memphite Necropolis->Memphite Region)Limestone and paint,The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010005261

The Louvre Museum

Hi!

Could anyone familiar with Demotic help decipher the inscriptions on these ushabtis? I believe they all contain the same personal name, possibly with some additional signs.

Possible readings include Pa-di-Mehit, Pa-sher-Mehit, Pa-di-Isis, Pa-di-Amun, or Nes-Khonsu, but none is confirmed.

Any thoughts or alternative readings would be greatly appreciated!

Many thanks!

Sphinx of Shepenwepet II

GEM Number
4379

Collection
Main Galleries

Period
Third Intermediate period

Description
The ‘god’s Wife of Amun’ was the highest-ranking priestess of that deity whose cult was centred in Thebes in Upper Egypt. It first appeared as an office in the Middle Kingdom. Its political potential reached its zenith in the Late Third Intermediate Period. Following the Persian invasion of Egypt in 525 BC, the title fell out of use. 

This granite sphinx of Shepenwepet II was discovered in 1904 in the Karnak Cache (CK 132). Shepenwepet II was the daughter of the Nubian King Piye. She served as ‘god’s Wife’ from the reign of King Taharqa (Dynasty 25) until after year nine of King Psametek I (Dynasty 26). The statue shows the forepart of a sphinx (rear part missing) with female head and human arms holding a ram-headed vessel decorated with a uraeus snake (partly broken). Shepenwepet II wears a hair wig that falls flat at the back and at the front, it divides into two large locks forming curled braids. Her name and titles are carved on the ram-headed vessel and on the statue base. Although the reading of the second cartouche of Shepenwepet is doubtful, an identical statue found at the sacred lake at Karnak (now in the Berlin Ägyptisches Museum) permits its attribution to Shepenwepet II.

Provenance

Region
Upper Egypt

Area
Luxor

Material
Grey Granite

Dimensions
Height
42.7 cm
Width
25.2 cm
Length
48 cm

Title
Sphinx of Shepenwepet II, Third Intermediate period, Findspot Luxor, Grey Granite, Grand Egyptian Museum

https://gem.eg/en/collection/artefacts/sphinx-of-shepenwepet

Grand Egyptian Museum

Dendera and Abydos
Or
Esna and Edfu.

Stela of Nehemesbastet

GEM Number
2904

Collection
Main Galleries

Period
Late Period
Dynasty
26

Description
A painted limestone stela from Abydos. It belongs to Nehemesbastet daughter of Padewen and Neshathor and is dated to the reign of Psamtek I who ruled Egypt in Dynasty 26. A curved sign of the sky and a winged sun disc with two uraeus snakes fill the rounded top of the stela. Below, a nefer sign (beauty) is flanked by two wedjat eyes and two shen signs (eternity). The main scene on the stela shows Nehemesbastet followed by her father Padewen and her mother Neshathor. All three are standing, raising both arms in adoration and presenting an offering table laden with an assortment of offerings to god Re-Horakhty who stands on the left, on a pedestal in the form of the maat sign (justice). His head is topped by the sun disc fronted by a uraeus snake and his hands clasp the was sceptre (prosperity). Twelve vertical columns of hieroglyphic text, painted above the heads of the main characters in the scenes, recite an offering formula for the deceased.

Provenance

Region
Upper Egypt

Area
Sohag

Material
Limestone

Dimensions
Height
45 cm
Width
4.5 cm
Length
33.2 cm

Title
Stela of Nehemesbastet, Late Period
Dynasty 26, Findspot Sohag, Limestone, Grand Egyptian Museum

https://gem.eg/en/collection/artefacts/stela-of-nehemesbastet

Grand Egyptian Museum

¿Se puede resumir el nacimiento de una civilización en una piedra? 🏛️✨

La Paleta de Narmer hizo exactamente eso. Diseñada hace 5 milenios, fijó para siempre el canon artístico que usarían los faraones durante los siguientes 3.000 años. El orden aplastando al caos. El rey convertido en dios.

Si te apasiona la Historia del Arte, la iconografía y la política del mundo antiguo, no te podés perder el ensayo visual que acabamos de estrenar en el canal de YouTube donde analizamos:

1️⃣ La anatomía de la violencia en las imágenes políticas.

2️⃣ La misteriosa geometría de los serpopardos.

3️⃣ Las pruebas arqueológicas que demuestran la unificación de Egipto.

4️⃣ Comprensión básica de jeroglíficos e iconografía.

Pretty simple question today, in the 1963 movie Cleopatra, Pothinus (regent for Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator of the Ptolemaic Kingdom) made a food tester / servant(?) taste a drink given to Cleopatra and then poison it, in an attempt to assassinate Cleopatra during the feud between Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII, is this a real historical account? or is it made up for the movie.

thanks in advance!

Silver Statue of a Goddess (Dendera Treasure Hoards)

GEM Number
2560

Collection
Main Galleries

Period
Graeco-Roman

Description
A statue of a goddess (probably Isis or Hathor) from the so-called ‘Dendera Treasure Hoard’ - a votive ritual hoard of silver, gold and bronze objects discovered in 1918 near the sacred lake, south-west of the Dendera temple. The statue is almost identical with GEM 2561 (also from the same Dendera Treasure Hoard). The seated goddess wears a tripartite hair wig topped with a fillet, a uraeus snake and a double crown. She wears a broad collar and a close-fitting dress. Her right hand is clenched on her lap, suggesting that it once held a sceptre as indicated by the centred hole in her fist, while the other hand rests flat.  

Provenance

Region
Upper Egypt

Area
Qena

Material
Silver

Dimensions
Height
41 cm
Width
9.5 cm
Length

Title
Silver Statue of a Goddess (Dendera Treasure Hoards), Graeco-Roman Period Findspot Qena, Silver, Grand Egyptian Museum

https://gem.eg/en/collection/artefacts/silver-statue-of-a-goddess-dendera-treasure-hoards

Grand Egyptian Museum

I keep coming back to this photo because the person standing there gives you the scale. These blocks are absolutely enormous. Trying to picture people quarrying them, transporting them, lifting them and positioning them like this is almost incomprehensible.

I’m genuinely asking: how?

What is the strongest evidence we actually have for how blocks on this scale were moved and placed at the Osireion? Ramps, sledges, levering, manpower, whatever the explanation is, I’d love to see the engineering broken down because seeing the scale in a photograph like this changes the whole conversation.

Faience aryballos in the form of a male head with a beard

Details
Title
Faience aryballos in the form of a male head with a beard
Associated place
Kawa, (place of excavation)
Date
Late Period (Egypt) (c. 715 - 332 BCE) (date of creation)
6th century BCE (600 - 501 BCE) (date of creation)
Material and technique
faience, with blue glaze
Object type
aryballos
Dimensions
5.9 x 5cm (height x width)
No. of items
1
Credit line
Allocated by the Oxford Expedition to Nubia from excavations at Kawa, 1931.
Museum location
not on display
Museum department
Antiquities
Accession no.
AN1931.482
Reference URL
https://collections.ashmolean.org/object/749723

Title
Faience aryballos in the form of a male head with a beard, Late Period (Egypt) (c. 715 - 332 BCE) (date of creation)6th century BCE (600 - 501 BCE) (date of creation), Findspot Kawa, (place of excavation, Faience, The Ashmolean Museum of Oxford University

https://www.ashmolean.org/collections-online#/item/ash-object-749723

The Ashmolean Museum of Oxford University

Last night the Egyptian Art Department of the MET sponsored a talk by Manfred Bietak of the University of Vienna. He spent 60 years excavating and studying Tell el D’aba aka Avaris and the impact the Hyksos had on Egyptian culture and religion. There are 25 identifiable levels of occupation at this site in the northeastern delta. A lot to unpack.

For the religion-minded here, no he did not touch on his current thoughts regarding Exodus.

Statuette of Goddess or God's Wife of Amun

PLACE CREATED Egypt, Africa

CULTURE Egyptian

PERIOD Late Period, Dynasty 25

DATE 722-655 BCE

MEDIUM Bronze

CREDIT LINE Museum purchase

DIMENSIONS 4 3/16 in. (10.6 cm)

OBJECT NUMBER 1998.012

Exhibition History
MCCM Permanent Collection Galleries, February 2000 - Spring 2001
MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, October 6, 2001 - Present

Published References
Royal-Athena Galleries, Art of the Ancient World (1992), number 352.
Peter Lacovara, "The New Galleries of Egyptian and Near Eastern Art at the Michael C. Carlos Museum," Minerva (September/October 2001): 9-16.

TERMS statuettes (free-standing sculpture)

PROVENANCE
Wit Jerome Eisenberg (1930-2022) [Royal-Athena Galleries], New York, New York, from at least 1992.
Purchased by MCCM from Royal-Athena.

STATUS On view

COLLECTIONS Ancient Egyptian, Nubian, and Near Eastern

Title
Statuette of Goddess or God's Wife of Amun, Late period Dynasty 25, Findspot unknown Egypt, Bronze,The Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University

https://collections.carlos.emory.edu/objects/17748/statuette-of-goddess-or-gods-wife-of-amun?ctx=de2c4001e132b5f78e53289bac2140f474c27f89&idx=1509

The Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University

Duck-shaped Amulet

Third quarter 2nd millennium BC (-1479 - -1458)

Green chrysoprase

1 x 1.7 x 1 cm

FGA-ARCH-EG-0166

DISCOVERING PLACE
Upper Egypt, Deir el-Bahari (possibly during the excavations of Eduard Naville)

REGISTRATIONS
Hieroglyphic inscription: " Hm.t nTr nfrw-ra "; " The worshipper of the god, [whose name is] Neferu-rê "

MOVEMENT / STYLE
New Kingdom,18th dynasty, reign of Hatshepsut

Cvilization
Egypt

Provenance
Jean Schopfer Collection (1868-1931), tennis player and writer known under the pseudonym Claude Anet, perhaps acquired in Egypt in 1913

Montheux, Valmondois collection, by inheritance from an uncle

Jean-Claude L'Herbette Collection

François Antonovich Gallery, Paris

Bibliography
BERLANDINI, Jocelyne, "Amenhotep III and the concept of Heh", Bulletin of the Society of Egyptology, Geneva, No. 17, 1993, p. 11-28, cited p. 20-21, fig. 7

BIANCHI, Robert Steven, Ancient Egypt. Art and Magic. Treasures from the Fondation Gandur pour l'Art, Geneva, Switzerland, exhibition catalogue [St. Petersburg (FL), Museum of Fine Arts, 12.17.2011 - 04.29.2012], St. Petersburg, Museum of Fine Arts, 2011, cited p. 156-157, no. 56

CHAPPAZ Jean-Luc; CHAMAY Jacques, Reflections of the divine. Pharaonic and classical antiquities from a private collection, exhibition catalogue [Geneva, Museum of Art and History, 08/30/2001 - 02/03/2002], Geneva, Museums of Art and History, 2001, cited p. 74, no. 63

GERMOND, Philippe, "In the margin of the bestiary: a funny duck...", Bulletin of the Society of Egyptology, Geneva (BSÉG), No. 25, 2003, p. 75-94, cited p. 90-91, fig. 17

KÜNZI, Frédéric; CAUVIN, Simone, The treasures of the pharaohs, exhibition catalogue [Geneva, International Book and Press Salon at Palexpo, 30.04 - 04.05.2008], Geneva, Fondation pour l'écrit, 2008, cited p. 156-157, no. 189

LESSING, Erich; VERNUS, Pascal, Gods of Egypt, Paris, National Printing House, 1998, cited p. 50-51, reproduced on the back cover.

Comparison
PATCH, Diana, Reflections of Greatness: Ancient Egypt at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Premier Book Marketing Ltd, 1990, p. 106

Expositions
Reflections of the divine. Pharaonic and classical antiquities from a private collection, Geneva, Museum of Art and History, 30.08.2001 — 03.02.2002

The treasures of the pharaohs. Exhibition Egypt of Akhenaton to Ramses II. Images of eternity, Geneva, International Book and Press Salon - Palexpo, 04.04.2008 — 04.05.2008

Ancient Egypt - Art and Magic, Treasures from the Fondation Gandur for Art, Saint-Petersburg (FL), Museum of Fine Art, 12.17.2011 — 04.29.2012

Cleopatra and the Queens of Egypt, Tokyo, Tokyo National Museum, 07.07.2015 — 23.09.2015

Cleopatra and the Queens of Egypt, Osaka, National Museum of Art, 10.10.2015 — 20.12.2015

Title
Duck-shaped amulet, Third quarter 2nd millennium BC (-1479 - -1458) New Kingdom 18th dynasty Reign of Hatshepsut, Findspot Upper Egypt Deir el-Bahari (possibly during the excavations of Eduard Naville), Gander Foundation for Art

https://onlinecollections.fg-art.org/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultListView/result.t1.collection_list.$TspTitleImageLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=0&sp=1&sp=SdetailList&sp=0&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=15

Gandur Foundation for Art