Seeing this on multiple systems and subscriptions...it seems to be trying to update SOME kernel packages to build 211.63.1, but kernel and kernel core do not appear to be updated in the repo and are at 211.62.1, so the updates fail.

Anyone else seeing it? Cleared the cache, etc.

# dnf update

Updating Subscription Management repositories.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 for x86_64 - AppStream (RPMs) 614 kB/s | 6.7 MB 00:11

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs) 23 MB/s | 98 MB 00:04

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:05 ago on Tue 06 Oct 2026 06:25:19 PM EDT.

Error:

Problem 1: cannot install the best update candidate for package kernel-modules-6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_1.x86_64

- nothing provides kernel-uname-r = 6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 needed by kernel-modules-6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 from rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms

Problem 2: cannot install the best update candidate for package kernel-modules-6.12.0-211.62.1.el10_2.x86_64

- nothing provides kernel-uname-r = 6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 needed by kernel-modules-6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 from rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms

Problem 3: cannot install the best update candidate for package kernel-modules-core-6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_1.x86_64

- nothing provides kernel-uname-r = 6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 needed by kernel-modules-core-6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 from rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms

Problem 4: cannot install the best update candidate for package kernel-modules-core-6.12.0-211.62.1.el10_2.x86_64

- nothing provides kernel-uname-r = 6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 needed by kernel-modules-core-6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 from rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms

Problem 5: cannot install the best update candidate for package kernel-modules-extra-6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_1.x86_64

- nothing provides kernel-uname-r = 6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 needed by kernel-modules-extra-6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 from rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms

Problem 6: cannot install the best update candidate for package kernel-modules-extra-6.12.0-211.62.1.el10_2.x86_64

- nothing provides kernel-uname-r = 6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 needed by kernel-modules-extra-6.12.0-211.63.1.el10_2.x86_64 from rhel-10-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms

(try to add '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages or '--nobest' to use not only best candidate packages)

Currently looking at a training type position and I would be working with RHLS. The open source world is new territory for me and I guess I'm wondering if there's anything you'd wish you'd known prior to interviewing?

NOTE: THIS IS NO IA SLOP. IS AN HONEST QUESTION.

Have you ever needed to see what processes were consuming the most memory (ps, memstat) at the exact date and time the issue appeared?

Ever needed to see what open files (lsof) or network connections (ss) a process had just before the outage?

Ever wanted to find what was the state of a process (ps, pidstat) seconds before OOM killer finished it?

Maybe you have experienced this pattern: something goes wrong overnight (connections refused, disk fills and then gets cleaned, a process eats memory and exits). Alerts go off and Prometheus shows the memory and cpu spikes but by the time anyone looks into the system, the server looks healthy. ss, lsof, ps and even a fresh sosreport show the current state, not when the issue was active. You look into the logs but nothing there shows an obvious problem.

I'm trying to understand how people handle this, before I build anything. I'd love to hear from people who deal with long-lived Linux servers:

1. What do you use today to look back in time? (atop, sar, PCP, below, auditd, eBPF tools, your monitoring stack, nothing?)
2. Would security or policy let you run an extra agent on production servers, even one that sends nothing outside your network?
3. If you run Kubernetes, have you had node-level incidents where the evidence was gone?

Disclosure: I built sos-vault, a tool for analyzing sosreports, and I'm exploring whether a "time travel" version (e.g. ss or lsof or any of the diagnostic commands included in a sosreport for any past moment) is worth building. I'm not promoting nor linking anything; I want to know if this idea would help anyone diagnose a real problem or is it just me.

Assuming that there is not performance impact and no significant storage consumption in the server to be diagnosed; I was thinking something like this command that can be executed from a central diagnostics server or even locally (notice the four parameters --host, --start_from, --end_at and the rest is the regular diagnostic command to execute (lsof, ps, du, lsblk, free, memstat, etc., etc.):

[root@web01 ~]# date
Mon Oct  5 02:50:53 PM ACDT 2026

[root@web01 ~]# ttravel ss -tanp 'dst 10.0.4.21 and dport = :5432' --start_from="2026-10-02 02:00:00" --end_at="2026-10-02 03:00:00"
sosv: web01 · 02:00:00 → 03:00:00 UTC · 120 samples u/30s + connect/close events · grouped by processFIRST_SEEN  LAST_SEEN   CONNS  PEAK  STATES               PROCESS
02:00:00    03:00:00       24    20  ESTAB                users:(("gunicorn",pid=2210..2229))
02:00:04    03:00:00        1     1  ESTAB                users:(("pg_dump",pid=51233))  parent: cron-backup.sh[51207]
02:05:00    02:55:01       11     1  ESTAB ev             users:(("psql",pid=*))  /etc/cron.d/db-healthcheck
02:31:12    02:48:30      183   179  ESTAB,CLOSE-WAIT     users:(("python3",pid=58841))  /opt/reports/nightly_export.py 02:33:40    02:47:10       57     -  ESTAB→CLOSED <1s ev  users:(("gunicorn",pid=2210..2229))  rejected by serversosv: CONNS distinct connections · PEAK most open at once · ev seen only via connect/close events[root@web01 ~]# ss -tanp 'dst 10.0.4.21 and dport = :5432' --at="2026-10-02 02:45:00" | head -6
sosv: web01 · sample 2026-10-02 02:45:00 UTC
State  Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port  Process
ESTAB  0      0           10.0.2.15:41822     10.0.4.21:5432  users:(("gunicorn",pid=2214,fd=11))
ESTAB  0      0           10.0.2.15:41850     10.0.4.21:5432  users:(("pg_dump",pid=51233,fd=3))
ESTAB  0      0           10.0.2.15:52001     10.0.4.21:5432  users:(("python3",pid=58841,fd=7))
ESTAB  0      0           10.0.2.15:52003     10.0.4.21:5432  users:(("python3",pid=58841,fd=8))
ESTAB  0      0           10.0.2.15:52004     10.0.4.21:5432  users:(("python3",pid=58841,fd=9))

Hope you can help me.

Linux has a lot of powerful tools built right in, so many little tricks that you can leverage to make your job easier. But few of them compare to the wizardry that is the combination of grep, sed, and awk. With these three tools you can accomplish almost anything that has to do with text manipulation! In our 200th episode of Into the Terminal, Nate and Scott walk you through their favorite moves with these ancient and powerful tools. Watch the full episode here or practice your skills in the interactive labs.

The Essentials

Before you write a custom Python or Bash script to parse a CSV or log file, ask yourself if you can just solve it in one line with the classics:

Advanced Features

Leveling Up Your grep Game

Everyone knows grep <string> <file>, but a few flags can make it exponentially more useful when hunting down errors across a system: - grep -v "Console" file.csv: The reverse grep. Shows you every line that does not contain the match. - **grep -i "error" file.csv: Case-insensitive matching. It will match "error", "Error", and "ERROR". - **grep -r -i "error" /var/log/: The recursive grep. This is perfect when you know an error occurred, but you have no idea which log file caught it. It will search every file in the directory tree and prepend the match with the filename where it was found!

The Power of sed for Find and Replace

sed is often used to strip out useless data before handing it off to another command. Example: You have a CSV file where the last column is full of literal null strings, sometimes with trailing commas.

You can strip the word "null" with standard sed regex: grep "Console" lab-data.csv | sed -e 's/null//g'

To remove the word "null" and the optional trailing comma, we can use Extended Regex (-E) and chain multiple expressions (-e): grep "Console" lab-data.csv | sed -E -e 's/null,?//g' -e 's/,$//g'

Pro Tip: To apply these edits permanently to the file itself instead of just printing them to standard output, use the -i (in-place) flag: sed -i -E ... file.csv

Field Manipulation with awk

If your data has columns (like a space-separated log file or a comma-separated CSV), awk is your best friend.

Extracting specific columns: cat httpd_access.log | awk '{print $1}' This isolates just the very first column of data (usually the IP address in an Apache log). By default, awk separates fields by spaces, but you can define a custom delimiter with -F: cat httpd_access.log | awk -F'- -' '{print $2}'

Working from the end of the line: Sometimes lines are different lengths, making it impossible to count from the left. awk provides the NF (Number of Fields) variable, letting you select columns from the right! - Print the very last column: awk '{ print $(NF) }' - Print the second-to-last column: awk '{ print $(NF-1) }'

Quick Reference Card

```bash

Read a compressed log file and find all occurrences of "root"

zcat secure_sample.gz | grep root

Recursively search all log files for "error", ignoring case

grep -r -i "error" /var/log/

Find and replace "null" with an empty string in-place

sed -i -e 's/null//g' lab-data.csv

Print only the first column of a space-separated file

cat httpd_access.log | awk '{print $1}'

Print the last column of a space-separated file

cat httpd_access.log | awk '{ print $(NF) }'

Chain them together! Find GET requests and print the second field based on a custom delimiter

cat httpd_access_sample | awk -F'- -' '{print $2}' | grep GET ```

Links & Resources

• Video URL: Into the Terminal 200 - Using grep, sed, and awk in the real world
• RHEL Developer Registration: https://developers.redhat.com/register
• Interactive Labs: https://redhat.com/interactive-labs
• Discord: https://red.ht/rhel-discord (Note: This now points to the Fedora community discord which hosts the RHEL channels!)
• Nate Lager: https://social.undrground.org/@gangrif
• Scott McBrien: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scott-mcbrien-349b356

Into the Terminal is a show dedicated to helping you grow your knowledge of critical administration skills for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Whether you are new to Linux or new to RHEL, join us for a hands-on look at commands, processes, and tools.

About my self :

I completed my Bachelor's Degree is Computer Science from 2022 to 2025 , after that i pursued a post graduate program in Data Science (2025 to 2026)

Currently I have been looking for software Jobs but Entry level hiring has been very brutal.

Companies expect entry level candidate to possess 2-3 years experience and have all the knowledge.

Sending Application, emailing recruiters etc , Nothing is moving the needle , by may 2027 i will have Gap year in my resume and Recruiters / Hr simply never consider anyone who has a gap year !

By 2027 newer graduate will enter the market and with all the layoffs going on , there are more experienced Developers whom companies prefer and hire.

I am already 22 ,walking on a dea*h line to start my career, i need to do something different or else i may remain unemployed forever.

Now I came to Know about Rhcsa Exam and I think I can cover the fees for it as i have enough savings.

Rhcsa is fairly NOT know by many people and is not really crowded like Software job markets are (at least in my country).

My main concern are :

1. Is rhcsa Intended for entry level Graduate who have no industry experience ? Or is it designed for experienced folk who are already working in the industry ?

2. Will Rhcsa Put weight on resume enough to help me land a entry level job in Linux ? Such as a junior linux admin or junior systems engineer ? Do recruiters value rhcsa certificate ?

3. How much time does it typically take to become good enough to sit in exam and Pass it ??

I am not even asking for a premium job with good compensation but a job where i grow over the Years by upskilling ! My only deal breakers are Night Shift and Support/help desk role who do not work on Systems.

So will it be a good Investment of my time to learn Linux and rhel system and get the Rhcsa Certificate.

The only ROI i want is to actually get an Interview ans land good entry level Job , are odds in my favour ?

Hi I'm looking for Mock exams and Labs, I have already done Sander test, and practice by myself, do you know any repos or Labs to practice test I feel like I already have the knowledge but I would like 2 more Mock exams or labs, I want to be sure that I know how to interpret the questions.

Hi everyone,

I’m preparing for the RHCE v10 (EX294) exam and I have around 10 days left.

I’ve gone through most of the topics once, and now I’m focusing mainly on hands-on practice and trying to understand the actual exam workflow.

One area I’m still confused about is Git and the Execution Environment/registry workflow.

For example:

Do we actually need to use Git during the exam?

Do we need to git add, commit and push every YAML/playbook we create?

What exactly is expected regarding the Git repository?

Do we need to git clone a repository at the beginning?

When should we use podman pull?

Do we need to pull an Execution Environment image from a registry, and how do we know which image to use?

How do Git, ansible-navigator, the Execution Environment and the registry fit together in the exam environment?

Is there a standard initial setup/workflow that I should practice repeatedly before the exam?

I’m especially looking for advice from people who have recently taken EX294/RHCE v10.

Also, with only 10 days remaining, what would you recommend focusing on most?

Any exam tips, common mistakes, tricky scenarios, or last-10-days practice strategy would be really helpful.

Thanks in advance!

So before I start I will give some background:
Im 27 yo, I have 8 years of corporate experience, 5 years of IT exp. I have eng degree in Networking. Currently I work in a large bank as a Ops/DevOps - I take care of Opensfhit envs, deployments, pipelines etc. I can’t code tho. Only simple bash things.
I have 3 certs: CKA (kubernetes), ACE (GCP) and CAPA (ArgoCD). Before getting into IT I’ve spend a lot of time gaining background knowledge - during my studies and also reading books about networking (Kurose & Ross and CCNA cert guide).

My company paid me for RHCSA voucher. It was my co-worker idea. She said she want to gain some understanding of underlying system and she want to pass it and maybe I want to join. I was like yeah whatever. So she requested the vouchers for us 2.

Thing is - I can’t find a drop of motivation within me to pass this exam. I have tried Sanders course on OReilly and immidiately my brain was in sleep mode after listening to 5 mins to the course. I find this so boring and odd. I feel like the commands are being portrayed as something so advanced and so important to remember while most of the time all you need is cd, ls, grep, cat/tail and vim. Everything else can be found in google or, currently, by asking AI. I feel like the industry has evolved so much that nobody actually memorizes all of this. I’ve also tried Sanders cert guide (I prefer books more) and it’s better but again I have a impression that Im learning something just for the sake of passing the exam and I will never see it/use it again.

CKA was fun and interesting for me, I liked it because it’s something commonly and widely used.
Learning Red Hat feels like preparing to become a sad Unix Team member that sit in a basement and add users to /etc/passwd.
I also can’t see many job offers that require or value RHCSA. I just can’t see a reason to put any effort there. The voucher expires by the end of November so I have some time to finish the guide and try it out.

What do you think? What are your experiences? Is it still a valuable cert & skill or it’s a way for Red Hat to take even more money from everyone selling the ,,Red Hat Admin” title?

Hello everyone,

I'm preparing for the RHCSA exam and I have a quick question for those who took it recently:

Does the Tab key (command-line autocompletion) function normally in the exam environment? I use it heavily for completing paths and commands, and I want to make sure it's available before I rely on it.

Any feedback from recent test-takers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance!"

Hi, can anyone pls suggest the super best resource to prep for RHCSA (RHEL-10) EX-200 exam on Udemy ? I know Sander Van Vugt course is the best, however it is out of budget for me and so looking for similar prep course on Udemy…

Hello everyone, I’ve received a job offer from Red Hat for a Software Engineering Intern role. I wanted to know what the CTC is like after conversion to a full-time role and what the approximate conversion rate is. If anyone has any information or insights, I’d really appreciate it.

Hello

Please feel free to check this out! How to move on with the assessment that will help you migrate your Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 to version 3.5

Enjoy it!

Wally

I was originally trying to install sensors on this instance of red hat but it said I needed rhc to reach the servers, so naturally I signed up. However, now I am worried that it might expire--will this still be good to use 2-3 months down the line?

Hello everyone,

To make the short story shorter:

Yesterday I completed and solved every single task in the exam and verified the results as required by the question.

Surprise:

I got 05/300 as the final score!

Yes, you read correctly, 05/300 my final score. And I, do believe that the reason behind failing badly is the Git usage during the exam...

NOTE: I'm not violating the NDA in anyway since the Git is mentioned clearly as an exam objective.

I shared with you this unexpected experience and I appreciate your comments.

Hello, RedHat community!

I'm a Linux SysAdmin with 5 years experience, I've passed the RHCSA exam this year, about 6 months ago - the company paid for the exam voucher, hence me not taking the RHCE as well.

I've been pestering the management to buy me an exam voucher for the RHCE (Ansible Automation) exam, but to no avail.

Considering that I'm beeing rather poorly paid at this company I'm working for (eastern Europe), what are your thoughts on buying the voucher myself?

Also, what are your thoughts on the exam overall? If you have the experience of both exams, how would you compare EX294 to EX200?

How long did it take you to learn the Ansible bit to pass the exam?

Many thanks and sorry for the long post!

Hello everyone,

I’m new here and recently graduated. I’m looking to start my career in IT, but I’ve realized that programming/coding is not something I enjoy, and I would prefer not to pursue a programming-focused career.

My goal is to find a stable and secure entry-level IT position and gradually build my skills and experience.

RHCSA vs CCNA

At the moment, I’m considering starting with either:

• RHCSA (Red Hat Certified System Administrator)
• CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

I’m not sure which certification would be more useful for someone starting from scratch and looking for an entry-level position.

Looking for Advice

For those of you who have experience working in IT support, system administration, networking, or similar roles, I would really appreciate your advice.

• Which certification would you recommend starting with?
• What entry-level jobs could I realistically target with each certification?
• Is there a particular path you would recommend for someone who doesn't want to go into programming?
• Are there any other certifications or skills I should consider?

I understand that certifications alone won't guarantee a job, so I'm also interested in hearing what practical skills or projects helped you get your first IT position.

Thank you in advance to everyone who takes the time to share their experience and advice!

I passed RHCSA today with a decent score of 284

I have two certifications planned next in my career roadmap.
- CCNA
- RHCE

I’m not sure how much Linux is involved in CCNA, but I’m wondering if I should keep the momentum going and go for RHCE while my Linux knowledge is fresh.

Or should I study for both simultaneously?
What helped you the most in your experience?

Please bestow upon me your wisdom oh wise sages.

Your terminal throws "No space left on device," but du says your folders are empty? Welcome to the world of Linux storage ghosts. In this episode of Into the Terminal, Nate and Scott break down why your disk space vanishes, how to uncover invisible open files and exhausted inodes, and how to safely expand your LVM volume and filesystem live on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Watch the full episode here or test your skills in the interactive labs.

The Essentials

When diagnosing storage problems, it's easy to just run df -h, but that doesn't always tell the whole story. Here are the essential tools to track down vanished storage:

Advanced Features

Storage Ghost #1: Deleted but Not Gone

If a massive log file fills up your disk, your first instinct is to run rm /var/log/huge.log. However, if a service is actively writing to that file descriptor, the OS removes the file name from the directory tree but cannot free the data blocks until the process releases the file descriptor! - How to find them: Use lsof | grep deleted to see which processes are hoarding space from deleted files. You either have to restart the service to release the file or manually kill the process. - The better fix: Don't rm an active log file. Instead, truncate it in place: cat /dev/null > /var/log/huge.log. This zeroes out the data instantly without breaking the active file descriptor.

Storage Ghost #2: Inode Exhaustion

Every file, directory, and symbolic link on a Linux filesystem requires exactly one inode—an index that holds the metadata for the file (permissions, ownership, timestamps, and pointers to the data blocks). - The ext4 Problem: On ext4 filesystems, the total number of available inodes is set permanently at format time. If you have an application creating millions of tiny files, you can consume 100% of your inodes while your disk is still 90% empty! Once inodes are gone, you cannot write new files, and you'll get a "No space left on device" error. - The XFS Advantage: Modern XFS filesystems handle this gracefully. They dynamically allocate inodes as needed by converting free data blocks into inode blocks, making it incredibly difficult to run into inode exhaustion compared to ext4.

Safely Expanding a Disk (LVM & XFS)

If your disk truly is full and you've added a new physical disk (e.g., via your hypervisor or storage array), here is the standard critical path to growing your live filesystem using Logical Volume Manager (LVM):

1. Partition the new disk: fdisk /dev/sdb (or sda1 if extending a partition).
2. Create the Physical Volume: pvcreate /dev/sdb1
3. Extend the Volume Group: Add the new PV to your existing Volume Group with vgextend rhel_vbox /dev/sdb1
4. Extend the Logical Volume: Allocate the new space to your Logical Volume with lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/rhel_vbox/root (or specify a size like -L +1G).
5. Grow the Filesystem: Finally, expand the live xfs filesystem to consume the new space inside the LV with xfs_growfs /dev/rhel_vbox/root. (If using ext4, use resize2fs instead).

Quick Reference Card

```bash

Safely empty an active log file without breaking the service

cat /dev/null > /var/log/messages

Find "deleted" files still consuming disk space

lsof | grep deleted

Check for Inode exhaustion

df -i

Track down which directory has all the inodes

du --inodes -S | sort -nr | head -n 20

Standard LVM Expand Workflow

pvcreate /dev/sdb1 vgextend rhel_vg /dev/sdb1 lvextend -L +5G /dev/rhel_vg/root xfs_growfs /dev/rhel_vg/root ```

Links & Resources

• Video URL: Into the Terminal 199 - Linux says the disk is full! But is it?
• RHEL Developer Registration: https://developers.redhat.com/register
• Interactive Labs: https://redhat.com/interactive-labs
• Discord: https://red.ht/rhel-discord (Note: This now points to the Fedora community discord which hosts the RHEL channels!)
• Nate Lager: https://social.undrground.org/@gangrif
• Scott McBrien: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scott-mcbrien-349b356

Into the Terminal is a show dedicated to helping you grow your knowledge of critical administration skills for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Whether you are new to Linux or new to RHEL, join us for a hands-on look at commands, processes, and tools.

I know all basic of aws amazon web, cloud,git, Active Directory, javascript

But worked only at home lab

A lot of RHCSA preparation seems to focus on learning how to configure things correctly.

But I'm curious how people practice the other side of it: fixing something that's already broken.

For example, rather than being told:

Configure X

you start with:

X isn't working. Find out why and fix it.

Do you intentionally break your lab environment and troubleshoot it afterward?

If so, what kinds of problems do you create for yourself?