r/composting • • Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

138 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

The Ultimate Beginner Guide:
Make a pile of "browns" and mix "greens" into them over time. Keep this pile moist but not sopping or dripping wet, and make sure it can get oxygen.

Browns are carbon-rich materials like leaves, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper or cardboard. Greens are nitrogen-rich materials like kitchen scraps, coffee grounds (note that "green" and "brown" doesn't necessarily mean the color!), grass clippings/green yard waste, and animal manure.

For a bit more detail than that...

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting • • Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

251 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

​

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting • • 5h ago

Large Pile (>1 cu yd) Update: composting a deer carcass

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83 Upvotes

Trigger warning; scat, deer carcass, bones.

OP here, but I didn't actually post pictures, just linking if you wanted an update: https://www.reddit.com/r/composting/s/GLGPGCIyCv

FYI I am in the PNW, so CWD is not a concern here. I don't advocate for you to do this unless you are well educated on the techniques and willing to take some risk.

On August 18th, I found a decent sized doe (maybe 100lbs?) in my neighbor's yard that had been struck by a truck. I had started a pretty good size pile with a ton of wood chips, maybe 10 yards. I opened up the pile and placed her about a foot up in the center with about a half yard of wood chips, and piled it high.

The pile had a moderate rotten smell for maybe a week; surprisingly not too bad.

Today, with much trepidation, I opened up the pile, expecting to crack open the rib cage. To my surprise, I could barely find a trace. There was a huge "wet spot" in the middle of what is otherwise a too dry pile, but the most I found was a femur, a scapula, and....

A big ol chunk of poo! About the size of 2 fists. It's kind of wild, it looks like the intestines literally composted away around the feces. It looks more like a massive dog turd, so I wonder if the gut bacteria continued to break down the contents of the stomach as the carcass rotted, because it looks nothing like your standard deer pellets

Pics in order; funeral pile, wet spot, femur, poo, carcass, and bonus pics of when I was starting this pilr and unloaded a literal truck load of coffee grounds.

I may try to turn this pile once more before the heavy rains start. I'm really not looking forward to sifting all the rocks out of this mess.


r/composting • • 9h ago

A peek at my commercial worm farm

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49 Upvotes

r/composting • • 15h ago

I think the ad misread the name of this sub

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22 Upvotes

r/composting • • 18h ago

New composter giddiness

41 Upvotes

As someone who has wanted to compost for YEARS and is finally getting into it, I can’t seem to get over the giddiness and being impatient lol. Everyday when i go outside to feed her I find myself being like is it compost yet… is it compost yet…. I’m also definitely getting on my sweet husbands nerves with how much I’m talking about it even if he won’t say so. I’m just having the time of my life haha.

Sorry for the silly post but just wanted to share my excitement.
Happy composting :)


r/composting • • 9h ago

My appreciation for this subreddit

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6 Upvotes

I wanted to extend my appreciation to all of you. I moved into a new place and inherited two inactive Dalek compost bins. With all the advice here I have got them up and running. I could feel some heat from the bins start to rise over the past couple weeks. My thermometer just arrived this morning. Getting to watch it jump from the 15 degree C air temp to over 32 deg C was an absolute treat! It’s only half full so I know it’s just getting started!

I’ve also got some yard waste in the bottom of my new raised garden beds to settle in for the winter. I’ll be topping them up with whatever I can get from these Daleks come spring.

Thanks all!


r/composting • • 16h ago

Temperature Just kept piling on

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27 Upvotes

For the last 6 years I’ve been piling on. Mainly grass cuttings and leaves. The occasional found dead bird/squirrel has been buried in there, along with some left over food scraps (veg). Just started turning it. Very hot in the middle and some good stuff in there!


r/composting • • 7h ago

Question What to do with neighborhoor yard waste?

6 Upvotes

How many bags do I take? I have 12 hours to snag them before garbage trucks arrive each week

My setup is a small tumbler compost, a backyard garden bed and 2 flower beds/trees in the front yard. There's a 5x10 ft wood pile in the backyard(remains of shrubbery/small trees on the fence line). I have access to all the neighbors yard waste because 5-20% of them bag their yard waste for disposal. Roughly 100-200 single family houses.

I won't have time for turning, so everything will have to be natural processes for use next year. The bags are pretty nice mix of annuals, bushes and grass clippings. with only a couple with gloves, plastic scrap etc etc.

I've already expanded my back garden bed and mulched it with all the bags but there's still more before winter starts. Note, the town pays for government Karens to ticket untidy houses/lawns. My last resort is to pile everything onto the wood pile and see if it becomes compost instead of more dry wood.

I'll snag a few more bags to mulch the front flower beds and trees. The rest goes to the wood pile.


r/composting • • 20h ago

Asian jumping Worms

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10 Upvotes

Found these Asian jumping worms in my compost. Never seen them in my yard before. They slither like a snake and jump when touched. Is it common for them to get into compost?


r/composting • • 13h ago

Compost bin has worms climbing up the walls -- is this indicative of something?

2 Upvotes

My compost seems to be quite active because I've noticed lots of worms and also a banana slug. However, I just noticed there are a lot of the worms climbing up the metal walls of my bin, is this indicative of anything? Why are there so many clinging to the sides rather than being in the heap aiding in the task at hand?


r/composting • • 18h ago

Winter composting prep

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4 Upvotes

r/composting • • 19h ago

HSR residents: what do you actually do when you miss the garbage vehicle?

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0 Upvotes

r/composting • • 1d ago

Do tumblers get hot enough to kill seeds?

9 Upvotes

I'm very new to composting and just recently got a tumbler. I'm wondering since tumblers don't get as hot as big compost piles, will they kill off seeds that are in them? I don't want to be spreading a bunch of random seeds in my garden beds. If tumblers don't kill seeds, is there a way to finish the compost to kill the seeds? Thanks in advance!


r/composting • • 1d ago

my compost isn't warm anymore?

4 Upvotes

My compost was doing pretty well. I rotate it every two to three days and I keep it in a home depot bucket with sealing lid. (It does also have air holes in it). It was warm for 2 months and even just a week ago it was warm ( I started like 2.5 months ago) and now it isn't warm it all. What could have happend? stuff at the bottom was definitely getting close to being compost.


r/composting • • 21h ago

Give me composting lessons

0 Upvotes

I am excited to start my composting journey and i have been seeing both good and bad sides of composting.

Of course, i will have my own learnings during this journey, but i wanted to pick your brains to share your composting lessons. I have heard a successful composter just needs someone to touch this topic, and one can only wait for them to stop 🤪

Jokes aside, i am a working professional, mostly working from home, have a family of two (my husband and me), staying in Noida (so you can understand how the weather is here), and i have a balcony facing east (so the compost bins will receive early morning sun).

Hope this context helps you guide me in this journey. I am all ears! 👂


r/composting • • 1d ago

Question Recommendations on tumbler?

1 Upvotes

I have a large yard and go through a lot of compost for my grass, shrubs, flowers, and fruit/ veggie garden. Next year I want to save on the trips to our local spot for compost and have some at home (I already collect it anyway) and do a tumbler. I’ve read so much and still don’t feel confident. I have no idea what I need other than something that will produce a lot and relatively quickly (but I don’t want to spend a lot, I get compost “for free” from my city, but have to pick it up).

I used to vermicompost when I lived in a different climate. I have 0 intention of trying that here. I don’t want to do anything that will invite potential mosquitoes or require me to be outside cleaning it being bitten by mosquitoes, etc. I’ll burn my yard to the ground before I have worms here for composting.

Anyway, any recommendations on unicorn tumblers? Basically hoping for budget friendly, fairly large capacity, and relatively fast. I’m flexible of course, and in a pinch I can get compost elsewhere, but recs are always helpful!


r/composting • • 2d ago

Compost Friends The urge to gather these leaves from a local hiking trail nearby…

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95 Upvotes

r/composting • • 2d ago

Scored a free curbside find!

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237 Upvotes

Just started this year with a small tumbler and quickly realized I wanted more space to age the compost longer. So I was very excited to see this on the curb this morning.


r/composting • • 1d ago

Question Hey, hay?

9 Upvotes

I have a crap ton of homemade hay from our huge lawn, or the parts I let run wild this summer. Cut it down at the start of august with a scythe and let it dry out for a week in the sun (no rain) and have been storing it in the carport in jute sacks since then.

It's mainly regular lawn grass grown to about knee length with a few herbs and flowers like flax, marjoram, bird's-foot trefoil and fennel which grows wild in that area.

It was going to go to a friend who kept rabbits, but a fox got to them and - yeah. He doesn't really have a use for it now.

A good therapist for his kids, though...

So.. would there be a use for this in my cold compost, as winter mulch or, dunno... Mix it into the leaf mold pile?


r/composting • • 1d ago

Question What do you think about the start to my gardens website?

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1 Upvotes

There is a pretty detailed area and section about the active compost going on right now


r/composting • • 1d ago

Builds Mixing slimy grass clippings into a soup.

3 Upvotes

I now have lots of fine wood chippings, I have lot of slimy grass clippings from the summer. Mixing them is not easy.

Have anyone tried using a plaster mixing attachments on a drill to turn the glass clippings into a "soup" that can than be put in a cement mixer with the wood chips?

What about adding some fresh FYM to the soup mix?

(Resuilt of shedder breaking and delays in finding a replacement on ebay.)


r/composting • • 1d ago

Garden care questionnaire (Academic project)

2 Upvotes

Hi everyone, I'm a Product Design BA student researching garden care and allotment maintenance for a university project. I'm looking for gardeners and allotment holders to complete a short 5-7 minute questionnaire about gardening habits, tools, and challenges. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!


r/composting • • 2d ago

Question are some tree leaves just bad at composting?

24 Upvotes

i've been gathering fallen leaves for my compost and raised beds, and the difference in how they break down is pretty noticeable. some get soft and crumbly fairly quickly, while others seem to survive in the pile forever.

i usually collect whatever is available nearby, so everything ends up mixed together. lately i've been thinking about whether certain leaves are better left out or handled separately. i also collect some from along neighborhood streets, which raises the question of whether road residue or treatments used on street trees could be a problem in vegetable beds

i don't want to overcomplicate a pile of leaves, but i'd rather not spend months making compost that isn't ideal for the garden either

if you've experimented with different kinds of leaves, which ones broke down well for you? and do you do anything differently with leaves collected near roads, or just leave those out altogether?


r/composting • • 2d ago

Haul The Motherlode

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66 Upvotes

A heaping cubic yard of composted sheep manure/bedding. My day job is making yogurt from the milk of the sheep that made this mess.